Chronic periodontitis and its possible association with oral squamous cell carcinoma - a retrospective case control study

Introduction: Different inflammatory processes may trigger the development of malignancies. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to evaluate a potential association between radiological determined chronic periodontitis (CPA) and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Methods: In a retrospective study, OSCC-patients and a control group without malignant tumors were radiographically examined for bone loss. Via telephone survey and questionnaire, general clinical data on the individual oral hygiene and concomitant diseases together with tobacco and alcohol use were assessed and data were compared between the groups. Results: 178 OSCC-patients and 123 controls were included. In univariate analysis, a statistically relevant higher mean bone loss was seen in the OSCC group (4.3 mm (SD: 1.8; 95% confidence interval (CI): 4-4.6) vs. 2.9 mm (SD: 0.7; 95% CI: 2.8-3); p < 0.001)). This was confirmed in a multivariate regression model (OR: 2.4, 95% CI: 1.5-3.8; p < 0.001). A history of periodontal treatment was associated with significantly reduced OSCC risk (p < 0.001; OR: 0.2, CI: 0.1-0.5). Conclusions: CPA is a common disease and the monitoring as well as the treatment of such a chronic oral inflammation may be beneficial in reducing one potential cause of OSCC. Therefore, further clinical studies on oral neoplasms should consider clinical periodontal parameters as well.