Device- and semi-device-independent random numbers based on noninequality paradox

In this work, we propose device-independent true random number expansion protocols based on noninequality paradoxes such as Hardy's and Cabello's nonlocality arguments, thus highlighting the noninequality paradox as an important resource for device-independent quantum-information processing, in particular for generating true randomness. As a byproduct, we find that the nonlocal bound of the Cabello argument with arbitrary dimension is the same as the one achieved in the qubits system. More interestingly, we propose a dimension witness paradox based on the Cabello argument which can be used for constructing a semi-device-independent true random number expansion protocol.