Prediction of microstructure evolution during multidirectional forging of the railway wagon bogie adpter

The railway wagon bogie adapter is a critical component in train operation, with stringent quality requirements. Microstructure uniformity is an effective method for improving adapter quality. A three-dimensional thermodynamic coupling model of the railway wagon bogie adapter hot forging was established by Deform-3D, and the evolution of the grain size of the forging during the hot forging was predicted. In conjunction with orthogonal tests, the effect of process parameter interaction on adapter uniformity was investigated. The adapter had uniform microstructure distribution when the forging temperature was 1100 degrees C, the die forging speed was 27.5 mm/ s, and the friction coefficient was 0.21. The hot forging test of the adapter was performed using the optimized parameters, and the forging was sampled at different positions for metallographic experiments, which measured the grain size of the forging at different positions in agreement with the simulation results and verified the simulation's accuracy.