Solubility Measurement and Thermodynamic Model Correlation and Evaluation of 2-Chloro-5-nitroaniline in 12 Pure Solvents

The solubility data of 2-chloro-5-nitroaniline in pure methanol, ethanol, n-propanol, isopropanol, 1-butanol, acetonitrile, acetone, 2-butanone, ethyl acetate, 1,4-dioxane, toluene, and N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP) were obtained. The solubility in mole fraction of 2-chloro-5-nitroaniline in the selected solvents increased with a rise of temperature. Moreover, at a certain temperature, they decreased according to the following order: NMP > acetone > 2-butanone > 1,4-dioxane > ethyl acetate > acetonitrile > toluene > ethanol > n-propanol > methanol > 1-butanol > isopropanol. The achieved solubility values were correlated by the modified Apelblat equation, lambda h equation, Wilson model, and NRTL model. The maximum values of root-mean-square deviation and relative average deviation were 17.31 X 10(-4) and 2.55%, respectively. In order to choose the best model for 2-chloro-5-nitroaniline, the Akaike information criterion was discussed. Furthermore, the results of thermodynamic property of Gibbs energy indicated that the mixing process of 2-chloro-5-nitroaniline in solvents was spontaneous and favorable.