Heat Transfer in Saline Water Evaporative Cooling

The present paper provides an overview and review on heat and mass transfer involved in evaporation of single saline water droplets as well as pure and saline water sprays for cooling purposes. The aim is to demonstrate the advances that have been made toward the deployment of Natural Draft Dry Cooling Tower operating with saline water. A new theoretical model for evaporation of single solid containing droplet is reviewed, and the corresponding advantages are discussed. Moreover, a comparison between pure and saline water sprays is reported and performance correlations are compared. The new approaches to implement saline water injections in numerical simulation and nozzle arrangement in a cooling tower reported in this work provides valuable tools for designing an efficient cooling tower. This work shows that in addition to fresh water preservation and cost savings due to water purification, using saline water can also lead to enhance cooling efficiency by up to 8% and build more compact cooling towers. Overall it has been shown that the use of saline water is a viable and promising concept that requires further exploration.