Head and neck radiotherapy quality assurance conference for dedicated review of delineated targets and organs at risk: results of a prospective study

Purpose: Head and neck (HN) radiotherapy (RT) is complex, involving multiple target and organ at risk (OAR) structures delineated by the radiation oncologist. Site-agnostic peer review after RT plan completion is often inadequate for thorough review of these structures. In-depth review of RT contours is critical to maintain high-quality RT and optimal patient outcomes. Materials and Methods: In August 2020, the HN RT Quality Assurance Conference, a weekly teleconference that included at least one radiation oncology HN specialist, was activated at our institution. Targets and OARs were reviewed in detail prior to RT plan creation. A parallel implementation study recorded patient factors and outcomes of these reviews. A major change was any modification to the high-dose planning target volume (PTV) or the prescription dose/fractionation; a minor change was modification to the intermediate-dose PTV, low-dose PTV, or any OAR. We analysed the results of consecutive RT contour review in the first 20 months since its initiation. Results: A total of 208 patients treated by 8 providers were reviewed: 86.5% from the primary tertiary care hospital and 13.5% from regional practices. A major change was recommended in 14.4% and implemented in 25 of 30 cases (83.3%). A minor change was recommended in 17.3% and implemented in 32 of 36 cases (88.9%). A survey of participants found that all (n = 11) strongly agreed or agreed that the conference was useful. Conclusion: Dedicated review of RT targets/OARs with a HN subspecialist is associated with substantial rates of suggested and implemented modifications to the contours.