The curvature invariant of a non-commuting n-tuple

Non-commutative versions of Arveson's curvature invariant and Euler characteristic for a commuting n-tuple of operators are introduced. The non-commutative curvature invariant is sensitive enough to determine if an n-tuple is free. In general both invariants can be thought of as measuring the freeness or curvature of an n-tuple. The connection with dilation theory provides motivation and exhibits relationships between the invariants. A new class of examples is used to illustrate the differences encountered in the non-commutative setting and obtain information on the ranges of the invariants. The curvature invariant is also shown to be upper semi-continuous.