The turbulence formation in the observatories of the South Siberia and the North Caucasus

The astroclimate characteristics and the turbulence structure have been researched in Russian astronomical observatories: Sayan Solar observatory (ISTF SB RAS), Baikal Astrophysical observatory (ISTF SB RAS), Special Astrophysical observatory (RAS) and Center of Atmospheric Laser Sensing (V.E. Zuev Institute of Atmospheric Optics of SB RAS). The experimental results have been reached from the long-term series of astroclimate observations (2006-2017) with the mobile ultrasonic weather stations; theoretical results have been reached by numerical solving of the boundary value problems for Navier-Stokes equations. The domains of coherent turbulence over the observatories territories have been revealed. The causes of such domains are the terrain relief and the uneven heating of underlying surface. Large vortex coherent structures and the coherent turbulence have been registered inside the dome rooms. Numerical simulation allows to analyze the influence of design features and temperature conditions of the telescope elements, as well as the testing of the telescope optical characteristics, including minimizing the influence of external and dome room turbulence.