机构:
Univ Toronto, Div Vasc & Intervent Radiol, Dept Med Imaging, Toronto, ON M5G 2N2, CanadaUniv Toronto, Div Vasc & Intervent Radiol, Dept Med Imaging, Toronto, ON M5G 2N2, Canada
Rajan, Dheeraj K.
[1
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机构:
[1] Univ Toronto, Div Vasc & Intervent Radiol, Dept Med Imaging, Toronto, ON M5G 2N2, Canada
The common mechanism for low access flow is intimal hyperplasia leading to stenosis within the access circuit. Balloon angioplasty (percutaneous transluminal angioplasty, PTA) remains the mainstay of treatment despite multiple technologies introduced in the past. New technologies continue to be introduced in an effort to improve on outcomes of angioplasty. This article briefly reviews the use of and outcomes of PTA, technologies, past, present and future as well as some of the questions that remain unanswered with PTA.
机构:
St Georges Univ Hosp NHS Fdn Trust, Dept Intervent Radiol, London, England
St Georges Univ London, Mol & Clin Sci Res Inst, London, EnglandSt Georges Univ Hosp NHS Fdn Trust, Dept Intervent Radiol, London, England
Ratnam, Lakshmi
Karunanithy, Narayan
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Guys & St Thomas NHS Fdn Trust, Dept Intervent Radiol, London, England
Kings Coll London, Fac Life Sci & Med, Sch Biomed Engn & Imaging Sci, London, EnglandSt Georges Univ Hosp NHS Fdn Trust, Dept Intervent Radiol, London, England
Karunanithy, Narayan
Mailli, Leto
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St Georges Univ Hosp NHS Fdn Trust, Dept Intervent Radiol, London, England
St Georges Univ London, Mol & Clin Sci Res Inst, London, EnglandSt Georges Univ Hosp NHS Fdn Trust, Dept Intervent Radiol, London, England
Mailli, Leto
Diamantopoulos, Athanasios
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机构:
Guys & St Thomas NHS Fdn Trust, Dept Intervent Radiol, London, England
Kings Coll London, Fac Life Sci & Med, Sch Biomed Engn & Imaging Sci, London, EnglandSt Georges Univ Hosp NHS Fdn Trust, Dept Intervent Radiol, London, England
Diamantopoulos, Athanasios
Morgan, Robert A.
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机构:
St Georges Univ Hosp NHS Fdn Trust, Dept Intervent Radiol, London, England
St Georges Univ London, Mol & Clin Sci Res Inst, London, EnglandSt Georges Univ Hosp NHS Fdn Trust, Dept Intervent Radiol, London, England
机构:
Osaka Med Ctr, Dept Pediat Cardiol, Izumi, Osaka 5941101, Japan
Res Inst Maternal & Child Hlth, Izumi, Osaka 5941101, JapanOsaka Med Ctr, Dept Pediat Cardiol, Izumi, Osaka 5941101, Japan
Kanagawa, Nao
Inamura, Noboru
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Osaka Med Ctr, Dept Pediat Cardiol, Izumi, Osaka 5941101, Japan
Res Inst Maternal & Child Hlth, Izumi, Osaka 5941101, JapanOsaka Med Ctr, Dept Pediat Cardiol, Izumi, Osaka 5941101, Japan
Inamura, Noboru
Tominaga, Yuji
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机构:
Osaka Med Ctr, Cardiovasc Surg, Osaka, Japan
Res Inst Maternal & Child Hlth, Osaka, JapanOsaka Med Ctr, Dept Pediat Cardiol, Izumi, Osaka 5941101, Japan