On the path-width of integer linear programming

We consider the feasibility problem of integer linear programming (ILP). We show that solutions of any ILP instance can be naturally represented by an FO-definable class of graphs. For each solution there may be many graphs representing it. However, one of these graphs is of path-width at most 2n, where n is the number of variables in the instance. Since FO is decidable on graphs of bounded path-width, we obtain an alternative decidability result for ILP. The technique we use underlines a common principle to prove decidability which has previously been employed for automata with auxiliary storage. We also show how this new result links to automata theory and program verification. (C) 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.