The introduction of radiotracers for the non-invasive in vivo quantification of amyloid-beta (A beta) burden in the brain has revolutionized the approach to the evaluation of Alzheimer's disease (AD). A beta burden as measured by positron emission tomography (PET) matches histopathological reports of A beta distribution in aging and dementia. It appears more accurate than FDG for the diagnosis of AD, and is an excellent aid in the differential diagnosis of AD from frontotemporal lobar degeneration. Apolipoprotein E epsilon 4 carriers, independent of diagnosis or disease severity, present with higher A beta burden than non-epsilon 4 carriers. As new therapies enter clinical trials, the role of A beta imaging in vivo is becoming increasingly crucial. A beta imaging allows the in vivo assessment of brain A beta pathology and its changes over time, providing highly accurate, reliable, and reproducible quantitative statements of regional or global A beta burden in the brain, essential for therapeutic trial recruitment and for the evaluation of anti-A beta treatments. Although A beta burden as assessed by PET does not strongly correlate with cognitive impairment in AD, it does correlate with memory impairment and a higher risk for cognitive decline in the aging population and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) subjects. This correlation with memory impairment, one of the earliest symptoms of AD, suggests that A beta deposition is not part of normal aging, supporting the hypothesis that A beta deposition occurs well before the onset of symptoms and likely represents preclinical AD in asymptomatic individuals and prodromal AD in MCI. Further longitudinal observations, coupled with different disease-specific biomarkers to assess potential downstream effects of A beta, are required to confirm this hypothesis and further elucidate the role of A beta deposition in the course of AD.
机构:
Chinese Acad Med Sci & Peking Union Med Coll, Dept Lab Med, Peking Union Med Coll Hosp, Beijing 100730, Peoples R China
Beijing Hepingli Hosp, Dept Lab Med, Beijing 100013, Peoples R ChinaChinese Acad Med Sci & Peking Union Med Coll, Dept Lab Med, Peking Union Med Coll Hosp, Beijing 100730, Peoples R China
Yu, Hao
Wu, Jie
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Chinese Acad Med Sci & Peking Union Med Coll, Dept Lab Med, Peking Union Med Coll Hosp, Beijing 100730, Peoples R ChinaChinese Acad Med Sci & Peking Union Med Coll, Dept Lab Med, Peking Union Med Coll Hosp, Beijing 100730, Peoples R China
机构:
Keele Univ, Birchall Ctr, Lennard Jones Labs, Keele ST5 5BG, Staffs, EnglandKeele Univ, Birchall Ctr, Lennard Jones Labs, Keele ST5 5BG, Staffs, England
Mold, Matthew
Linhart, Caroline
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Univ Innsbruck, Inst Pharm Pharmacognosy, Innsbruck, AustriaKeele Univ, Birchall Ctr, Lennard Jones Labs, Keele ST5 5BG, Staffs, England
Linhart, Caroline
Gomez-Ramirez, Johana
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Sede Invest Univ, Grp Neurociencias Antioquia, Medellin, ColombiaKeele Univ, Birchall Ctr, Lennard Jones Labs, Keele ST5 5BG, Staffs, England
Gomez-Ramirez, Johana
Villegas-Lanau, Andres
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Sede Invest Univ, Grp Neurociencias Antioquia, Medellin, ColombiaKeele Univ, Birchall Ctr, Lennard Jones Labs, Keele ST5 5BG, Staffs, England
机构:
Washington Univ, Sch Med, Dept Neurol, St Louis, MO 63110 USA
Washington Univ, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, St Louis, MO 63110 USA
Washington Univ, Hope Ctr Neurol Disorders, Sch Med, St Louis, MO 63110 USAWashington Univ, Sch Med, Dept Neurol, St Louis, MO 63110 USA
Cirrito, John R.
Holtzman, David M.
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Washington Univ, Sch Med, Dept Neurol, St Louis, MO 63110 USA
Washington Univ, Sch Med, Mol Biol & Pharmacol, St Louis, MO 63110 USA
Washington Univ, Hope Ctr Neurol Disorders, Sch Med, St Louis, MO 63110 USA
Washington Univ, Alzheimer Disease Res Ctr, Sch Med, St Louis, MO 63110 USAWashington Univ, Sch Med, Dept Neurol, St Louis, MO 63110 USA
机构:
VA Palo Alto Hlth Care Syst, War Related Illness & Injury Study Ctr, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA
Stanford Univ, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat & Behav Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA
Stanford Univ, Sch Med, Dept Neurol & Neurol Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USAVA Palo Alto Hlth Care Syst, War Related Illness & Injury Study Ctr, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA
Furst, Ansgar J.
Lal, Rayhan A.
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Univ Calif Davis, Sch Med, Davis, CA 95616 USAVA Palo Alto Hlth Care Syst, War Related Illness & Injury Study Ctr, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA
机构:
Washington Univ, Sch Med, Dept Neurol, St Louis, MO 63110 USA
Washington Univ, Hope Ctr Neurol Disorders, St Louis, MO 63110 USAWashington Univ, Sch Med, Dept Neurol, St Louis, MO 63110 USA
Gallardo, Gilbert
Holtzman, David M.
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Washington Univ, Sch Med, Dept Neurol, St Louis, MO 63110 USA
Washington Univ, Hope Ctr Neurol Disorders, St Louis, MO 63110 USA
Washington Univ, Charles F & Joanne Knight Alzheimers Dis Res Ctr, St Louis, MO 63110 USAWashington Univ, Sch Med, Dept Neurol, St Louis, MO 63110 USA