While significant advances have been made in understanding Plasmodium falciparum gametocyte biology and its relationship with malaria parasite transmission, the gametocyte sex ratio contribution to this process still remains a relevant research question. The present review discusses the biology of sex determination in P. falciparum, the underlying host and parasite factors, the sex specific susceptibility to drugs, the effect of sex ratio dynamics on malaria parasite transmission and the development of gametocyte sex specific diagnosis tools. Despite the inherent differences across several studies and approaches, the emerging picture highlights a potentially relevant contribution of the P. falciparum gametocyte sex ratio in the modulation of malaria parasite transmission. The increasing availability of molecular methods to measure gametocyte sex ratio will enable evaluation of important parameters, such as the impact of drug treatment on gametocyte sex ratio in vitro and in vivo as well as the changes of gametocyte sex ratios in natural infections, key steps towards elucidating how these parameters affect parasite infectiousness to the mosquito vectors.
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Brown Univ, Rhode Isl Hosp, Ctr Int Hlth Res, Providence, RI 02903 USA
Brown Univ, Alpert Med Sch, Providence, RI 02903 USA
Brown Univ, Rhode Isl Hosp, Dept Transfus Med, Providence, RI 02903 USA
Brown Univ, Miriam Hosp, Alpert Med Sch, Providence, RI USABrown Univ, Rhode Isl Hosp, Ctr Int Hlth Res, Providence, RI 02903 USA
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Royal Melbourne Hosp, Walter & Eliza Hall Inst Med Res, Div Infect & Immun, Parkville, Vic 3050, AustraliaRoyal Melbourne Hosp, Walter & Eliza Hall Inst Med Res, Div Infect & Immun, Parkville, Vic 3050, Australia
Waterkeyn, JG
Crabb, BS
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机构:Royal Melbourne Hosp, Walter & Eliza Hall Inst Med Res, Div Infect & Immun, Parkville, Vic 3050, Australia
Crabb, BS
Cowman, AF
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机构:Royal Melbourne Hosp, Walter & Eliza Hall Inst Med Res, Div Infect & Immun, Parkville, Vic 3050, Australia
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Natl Inst Malaria Res, Indian Council Med Res, Parasite Host Biol Grp, Sect 8, New Delhi 110077, IndiaNatl Inst Malaria Res, Indian Council Med Res, Parasite Host Biol Grp, Sect 8, New Delhi 110077, India
Tiwari, Savitri
Sharma, Nivedita
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Natl Inst Malaria Res, Indian Council Med Res, Parasite Host Biol Grp, Sect 8, New Delhi 110077, IndiaNatl Inst Malaria Res, Indian Council Med Res, Parasite Host Biol Grp, Sect 8, New Delhi 110077, India
Sharma, Nivedita
Sharma, Guru Prasad
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Versiti Blood Ctr Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53233 USANatl Inst Malaria Res, Indian Council Med Res, Parasite Host Biol Grp, Sect 8, New Delhi 110077, India
Sharma, Guru Prasad
Mishra, Neelima
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Natl Inst Malaria Res, Indian Council Med Res, Parasite Host Biol Grp, Sect 8, New Delhi 110077, IndiaNatl Inst Malaria Res, Indian Council Med Res, Parasite Host Biol Grp, Sect 8, New Delhi 110077, India