Non-Gaussian error distributions of galactic rotation speed measurements

We construct the error distributions for the galactic rotation speed (Theta(0)) using 137 data points from measurements compiled in the paper by de Grijs and Bono (Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser. 232, 22 (2017)), with all observations normalized to the galactocentric distance of 8.3 kpc. We then checked (using the same procedures as in the works by Ratra et al.) if the errors constructed using the weighted mean and the median as the estimate obey Gaussian statistics. We find using both these estimates that they have much wider tails than the Gaussian distribution. We also tried to fit the data to three other distributions: Cauchy, double-exponential, and Students-t. The best fit is obtained using the Students-t distribution for n = 2 using the median value as the central estimate, corresponding to a p-value of 0.1. We also calculate the median value of Theta(0) using all the data as well as using the median of each set of measurements based on the tracer population used. Because of the non-Gaussianity of the residuals, we point out that the subgroup median value, given by Theta(med) = 219.65 km/s, should be used as the central estimate for Theta(0).