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Survey of deoxynivalenol and its conjugates deoxynivalenol-3-glucoside and 3-acetyl-deoxynivalenol in 374 beer samples
被引:96
|作者:
Varga, Elisabeth
Malachova, Alexandra
Schwartz, Heidi
[1
]
Krska, Rudolf
Berthiller, Franz
机构:
[1] Univ Nat Resources & Life Sci, Christian Doppler Lab Mycotoxin Metab, A-3430 Tulln, Austria
来源:
FOOD ADDITIVES AND CONTAMINANTS PART A-CHEMISTRY ANALYSIS CONTROL EXPOSURE & RISK ASSESSMENT
|
2013年
/
30卷
/
01期
关键词:
chromatography;
-;
LC/MS;
survey;
mycotoxins;
fusarium;
trichothecenes;
beer;
beverages;
FUSARIUM MYCOTOXINS;
TRICHOTHECENES;
WHEAT;
D O I:
10.1080/19440049.2012.726745
中图分类号:
O69 [应用化学];
学科分类号:
081704 ;
摘要:
Beer is one of the most popular beverages worldwide. Malted cereal grains are among the basic ingredients and hence mycotoxin contamination might occur. Previous studies reported the presence of the Fusarium mycotoxins deoxynivalenol (DON) and 3-acetyl-deoxynivalenol (3ADON), as well as of the masked mycotoxin deoxynivalenol-3-glucoside (D3G) in beer. In the present survey, 374?beer samples from 38?countries with a focus on Austrian (156) and German (64) beers were analysed for the presence of D3G, DON and 3ADON. Beers were assigned to the following six categories: pale (217), wheat (46), dark (47), bock (20), nonalcoholic beers (19) and shandies (25). In total, 348 and 289 beers (93 and 77%, respectively) contained D3G and DON at the levels above the limit of detection, whereas 3ADON was not detected in any of the samples. Average concentrations of all beers were 6.9 mu g?L-1 for D3G and 8.4 mu g?L-1 in the case of DON. Nonalcoholic beers and shandies showed the lowest contaminations, 1.5 and 3.2 mu g?L-1 for D3G and 2.7 and 4.4 mu g?L-1 for DON, respectively. In bock beers characterised by a higher gravity, a significant trichothecene load of 14.8 mu g?L-1 D3G and 12.4 mu g?L-1 DON was found. The highest contamination (81 mu g?L-1 D3G, 89?mu g?L-1 DON) was detected in a pale beer from Austria, underlining the importance of this study for food safety. The molar D3G to DON ratio ranged between 0.11 and 1.25 and was 0.56 on average. Concluding, the average contamination of beer is not of toxicological concern for moderate beer drinkers. However, in the case of heavy beer drinkers, beer consumption may considerably contribute to the overall intake of DON, which might even lead to exceeding the maximum tolerable limits established for this Fusarium toxin.
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页码:137 / 146
页数:10
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