Nurses and the doctorate: A mixed study in French health care organizations

Aim This research aims to understand the place and role of nurses holding a PhD or PhD students (nurse doctor [ND]/nurse doctoral students [NDS]) in health care organizations in France. Context Worldwide, many nurses are undertaking doctoral studies. France is no exception. However, in France, there is no doctorate dedicated to nursing. The question of ND/NDS integration into health organizations is thus raised in a specific manner. Methods We used a two-stage mixed methodology. The first stage used data from questionnaires that were sent to 165 ND/NDS in France. To contextualize issues raised by these data, we used qualitative methods which comprised 45 semi-structured interviews with nurses, 10 interviews with health managers and chief nurses and 27 h of in situ observations with research coordinators. Results Seventy-nine participants (47.9% response rate) completed questionnaires. The data showed that work organization in some departments-intensive care units (ICUs), oncology and psychiatry-favoured the development of scientific expertise among nurses. Favourable elements promoting the professional and academic development of ND/NDS included the potential for medical teaching in healthcare services, participation in research projects and, most importantly, medical proximity. Conversely, our data also identified poor visibility and recognition of nursing doctoral courses in French health organizations: A lack of task missions, a lack of suitable posts and poor integration into the nursing profession. Currently, French nurses define their profession as providing direct care to patients and their families-yet this definition fails to consider other important professional elements, such as research. Conclusions Our study identified how proper ND/NDS integration is important to health care organizations. We identified key organization factors facilitating the integration of ND/NDS, such as participating in research teams and providing research support management. Implications for Nursing Management In recent years, the nursing profession has significantly evolved. We are interested in the impact of these changes in work organizations following the development of new scientific skills. Our study investigates all aspects of the nursing profession (teaching, practice, research and organizations). Our study advocates managerial roles, among others, to improve ND and NDS integration into work organizations. We directly observed work organizations that helped develop nursing research. Our study is also aimed at managers who have roles as decision-makers in promoting and facilitating research and nurse researchers.