World-Wide Lightning Location Using VLF Propagation in the Earth-Ionosphere Waveguide

被引：75

作者：

Dowden, Richard L. ^{[1
]}

Holzworth, Robert H. ^{[2
]}

Rodger, Craig J. ^{[3
]}

Lichtenberger, Janos ^{[4
]}

Thomson, Neil R. ^{[3
]}

Jacobson, Abram R. ^{[2
]}

Lay, Erin ^{[2
]}

Brundell, James B. ^{[1
]}

Lyons, Thomas J. ^{[5
]}

O'Keefe, Steven ^{[6
]}

Kawasaki, Zen ^{[7
]}

Price, Colin ^{[8
]}

Prior, Victor ^{[9
]}

Ortega, Pascal ^{[10
]}

Weinman, James ^{[11
]}

Mikhailov, Yuri ^{[12
]}

Veliz, Oscar ^{[13
]}

Qie, Xiushu ^{[14
]}

Burns, Gary ^{[15
]}

Collier, Andrew ^{[16
]}

Pinto Junior, Osmar ^{[17
]}

Diaz, Ricardo ^{[18
]}

Adamo, Claudia ^{[19
]}

Williams, Earle R. ^{[20
]}

Kumar, Sushil ^{[21
]}

Raga, G. B. ^{[22
]}

Rosado, Jose M. ^{[23
]}

Avila, Eldo E. ^{[24
]}

Clilverd, Mark A. ^{[25
]}

Ulich, Thomas ^{[26
]}

Gorham, Peter ^{[27
]}

Shanahan, Thomas J. G. ^{[28
]}

Osipowicz, Thomas ^{[29
]}

Cook, Gregoty ^{[30
]}

Zhao, Yang ^{[31
]}

机构：

[1] Low Frequency Elect Res Ltd, 161 Pine Hill Rd, Dunedin 9010, New Zealand

[2] Univ Washington, Dept Earth & Space Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA

[3] Univ Otago, Dept Phys, Dunedin, New Zealand

[4] Eotvos Lorand Univ, Space Res Grp, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary

[5] Murdoch Univ, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia

[6] Griffith Univ, Sch Engn, Nathan, Qld 4111, Australia

[7] Osaka Univ, Fac Engn, Dept Elect Elect & Informat Engn, Suita, Osaka 5650871, Japan

[8] Tel Aviv Univ, Dept Geophys & Planetary Sci, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel

[9] Inst Meteorol, P-1749077 Lisbon, Portugal

[10] Univ French Polynesia, Faaa Ctr 98 702, Tahiti, France

[11] Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA

[12] IZMIRAN, Troitsk 142190, Moscow Region, Russia

[13] Inst Geofis Peru, Lima 03, Peru

[14] Chinese Acad Sci, Lab Middle Atmosphere & Global Environm Observat, Inst Atmospher Phys, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China

[15] Australian Antarctic Div, Kingston, Tas 7050, Australia

[16] Hermanus Magnet Observ, ZA-7200 Hermanus, South Africa

[17] DGE INPE, Grp Eletricidade Atmosfer ELAT, BR-12240540 Sao Jose Dos Campos, SP, Brazil

[18] Univ Nacl Tucuman, Lab Alta Tens, RA-4000 San Miguel De Tucuman, Tucuman, Argentina

[19] CNR, ISAC, Area Ric, I-00133 Rome, Italy

[20] MIT, Parsons Lab, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA

[21] Univ S Pacific, Dept Phys, Suva, Fiji

[22] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Ctr Ciencias Atmosfera, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico

[23] Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Mayaguez, PR 00681 USA

[24] Natl Univ Cordoba, FAMAF, RA-5000 Cordoba, Argentina

[25] British Antarctic Survey, NERC, Div Phys Sci, Cambridge CB3 0ET, England

[26] Sodankyla Geophys Observ, FIN-99600 Sodankyla, Finland

[27] Univ Hawaii, Dept Phys & Astron, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA

[28] British Geol Survey, NERC, Seismol & Geomagnetism Grp, Edinburgh EH9 3LA, Midlothian, Scotland

[29] Natl Univ Singapore, Dept Phys, Singapore 117548, Singapore

[30] Univ Sheffield, Dept Elect & Elect Engn, Sheffield S1 3JD, S Yorkshire, England

[31] Chinese Acad Sci, Cold & Arid Reg Environm & Engn Res Inst, Lanzhou 730000, Peoples R China

来源：

IEEE ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION MAGAZINE | 2008年 / 50卷 / 05期

关键词：

Lightning; VLF propagation; Earth-ionosphere waveguide;

D O I：

10.1109/MAP.2008.4674710

中图分类号：

TM [电工技术]; TN [电子技术、通信技术];

学科分类号：

0808 ; 0809 ;

摘要：

Worldwide lightning location (WWLL) using only 30 lightning sensors has been successfully achieved by using only VLF propagation in the Earth-ionosphere waveguide (EIWG). Ground propagation or mixed "sky" and ground propagation is avoided by requiring evidence of Earth-ionosphere waveguide dispersion. A further requirement is that the lightning strike must be inside the perimeter defined by the lightning sensor sites detecting the stroke. Under these conditions, the time and the location of the stroke can be determined, along with the rms errors. Lightning strokes with errors exceeding 30 mu s or To assist with identifying impulses from the same lightning stroke, the lightning sensor threshold is automatically adjusted to allow an average detection rate of three per second. This largely limits detection to the strongest 4% of all lightning strokes, of which about 40% meet the accuracy requirements for time and location.

引用

页码：40 / 60

页数：21

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