Mutation screening of HSF4 in 150 age-related cataract patients

Purpose: Heat shock transcription factor 4 (HSF4) regulates the expression of several heat shock protein (HSP) genes. HSPs are one of the major components responsible for lens protein organization. Recently, we found that mutations of HSF4 result in hereditary cataract. In this study, we explore the role of HSF4 in the development of age-related cataract. Methods: We screened sequence variants of HSF4 in age-related cataract patients and the natural population from Shanghai, China. Results: In individuals of natural populations, we detected no single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) with a frequency higher than 5% in a complete coding region or in their exon-intron boundaries. In 150 age-related cataract patients, we identified seven sequence changes. We found an intronic G -> A transition (c. 1020-25G > A) in one patient, a missense mutation (c. 1078A > G) in exon 4 in two patients, a silent mutation (c. 1223 C>T) in exon 5 in two patients, an intronic C. T transition (c. 1256+25C > T) in one patient, and a silent mutation in exon 6 (c. 1286 C > T) in one patient. These five variants were not represented in 220 control individuals. We also identified an intronic C. T transition (c. 1019+9C > T) and a missense mutation (c. 1243G > A) in exon 3 in three patients, but these two variants were also present in 100 control subjects. Conclusions: We identified five new HSF4 mutations in 150 age-related cataract patients, enlarging the spectrum of HSF4 mutations in cataract patients. This result indicates that HSF4 mutations account for only a small fraction of age-related cataracts.