Reasons for the failure of the reactor unit lining at a petrochemical plant

In Russia most of the thermal units in petrochemistry are still being built with the use of piece ceramic refractories. Analysis of causes of frequent destruction of thermal units lining operated in contact with a carbon-containing medium indicates a corrosive process leading to the failure of the liner material due to the formation of soot carbon by the Bell reaction. Even high-alumina cements used for synthesizing heat-resistant dry mixtures intended to work in contact with a carbon-containing medium should not contain more than 0.1% each of Fe2O3 and SiO2 oxides.