Biology and seasonal abundance of the two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae, on orchids and rose

Biology of the two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae) was studied on five orchids and one rose species under laboratory conditions. The duration of developmental stages of this mite was the shortest on rose (7.17 +/- 0.20 days) followed by Cymbidium (10.49 +/- 1.50 days), Oncidium (11.60 +/- 1.32 days), Dendrobium (12.67 +/- 0.21 days), Phalaenopsis (14.47 +/- 1.21 days) and Coelogyne (17.10 +/- 1.29 days). The number of eggs/female laid was maximum on rose, whereas the minimum was on Phalaenopsis under the most suitable temperature (26 +/- 2A degrees C) and relative humidity (65 +/- 5%) conditions. The five orchid farms (three conventionally sprayed and two unsprayed) in the northeastern region of India were surveyed during 2009 and 2010 for mite incidence. Twenty-three species and 11 hybrids of orchids were encountered as the most preferred host, 12 species as moderately preferred, and 28 species and one hybrid were found to be the least preferred orchid host for T. urticae. The mite's incidence was recorded on orchids all year round, indicative of overlapping generations; however, two distinct population peaks were recorded during April and May. Subsequently its population declined at the start of the rainy season and remained at extremely low levels in the winter. Maximum and minimum temperatures had a significant positive correlation with mite incidence; daylight had a non-significant positive correlation; and rainfall and relative humidity had non-significant negative correlations with mite incidence. The results are discussed in relation to the most susceptible stage on orchids and suitable management practices for the two-spotted spider mite in India.