Susceptibility of different life stages of saw-toothed grain beetle Oryzaephilus surinamensis (L.) (Coleoptera: Silvanidae) to modified atmospheres enriched with carbon dioxide

The susceptibility of the different life stages of the saw-toothed grain beetle Oryzaephilus surinamensis to different modified atmospheres (MAs) containing various concentrations of carbon dioxide (CO2) was studied as an alternative to methyl bromide fumigation at 30 degrees C and 65 +/- 5% relative humidity (r.h.). The tested MAs were 55%, 65%, 75% and 85% CO2 gas in the air. Mortality (%) was recorded after exposure periods of 3, 6, 12, 24, 48, 72 and 96 h. Larvae and adults were more susceptible while eggs and pupae were more tolerant to CO2. A two-day exposure period was adequate to completely kill larvae and adults under all tested MAs. All eggs and pupae were killed after four days of exposure to the high-CO2 atmospheres (75% and 85%).(C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.