Distributional Impacts of Water Allocation Policies for an Agricultural Watershed

被引:0
|
作者
To, Justin [1 ]
Weersink, Alfons [1 ]
de Loe, Rob [2 ]
机构
[1] Univ Guelph, Dept Food Agr & Resource Econ, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
[2] Univ Waterloo, Dept Environm & Resource Studies, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
关键词
D O I
10.4296/cwrj3403229
中图分类号
TV21 [水资源调查与水利规划];
学科分类号
081501 ;
摘要
The study examined the short and long-run efficiency of current and alternative water allocation policies in Ontario. Information was gathered on water supply and the value of water for agricultural irrigation, domestic use and recreation/environmental purposes. A broad 10% reduction of all water takings under Ontario's Low Water Response plan would cost the residents of the watershed approximately $1.63 million with the bulk of the cost borne by agriculture ($1.59 million). Targeting reductions to minimize costs lowers the total to less than $635,000. In the short-run, simulations showed the efficiency of current Ontario policy could be improved by specifying clear policy objectives in times of scarcity and targeting reductions to lower value uses. Simulations of alternative policies suggested maximum permitted volume fees and volumetric fees provided insufficient incentives to change water use in the short-run and only volumetric fees added incentives to invest in efficiency in the long-run. To achieve reductions in consumptive use in the short-run, volumetric fees would have to be very large and would add significant costs to users. Permit trading systems added significant incentives to allocate water to its most beneficial uses in the short-run and incentives for conservation in the long-run. L'etude a porte sur l'efficacite a court terme et a long terme des politiques d'affectation des ressources en eau en Ontario, tant les politiques actuelles que les politiques de rechange. Des donnees ont ete recueillies sur l'approvisionnement en eau et sur la valeur de l'eau pour un usage domestique, a des fins d'irrigation agricole et a des fins recreatives et environnementales. Une reduction generale de 10% de tous les prelevements d'eau conformement au plan d'intervention en cas de baisse du niveau des eaux de l'Ontario couterait aux residents du bassin hydrographique environ 1,63 million de dollars, le plus gros du cout etant assume par le secteur agricole (1,59 million de dollars). Des reductions ciblees visant a diminuer les couts au minimum permettent de reduire le total a moins de 635000$. court terme, les simulations ont revele que l'efficacite des politiques actuelles de l'Ontario pourrait etre amelioree si des objectifs clairs en matiere de politiques sont precises en periode de rarete et si des reductions des usages de moindre valeur sont ciblees. Les simulations de politiques de rechange portent a croire que les frais maximums autorises par volume et les frais volumetriques offrent des stimulants insuffisants pour modifier l'utilisation de l'eau a court terme et que seuls les frais volumetriques procurent des incitatifs pour l'investissement dans l'efficacite a long terme. Pour parvenir a des reductions dans la consommation en eau a court terme, les frais volumetriques doivent etre tres eleves, ce qui se traduirait par l'ajout de couts considerables pour les utilisateurs. Grace aux systemes d'echange de permis, d'importants incitatifs ont pu etre ajoutes en vue de l'affectation de l'eau a ses usages les plus benefiques a court terme, de meme que des incitatifs pour sa conservation a long terme.
引用
收藏
页码:229 / 244
页数:16
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