Type I Interferons were first described for their profound antiviral abilities in cell culture and animal models, and later, they were translated into potent antiviral therapeutics. However, as additional studies into the function of Type I Interferons progressed, it was also seen that pathogenic viruses have coevolved to encode potent mechanisms allowing them to evade or suppress the impact of Type I Interferons on their replication. For chronic viral infections, such as HIV and many of the AIDS-associated viruses, including HTLV, HCV, KSHV, and EBV, the clinical efficacy of Type I Interferons is limited by these mechanisms. Here, we review some of the ways that HIV and AIDS-associated viruses thrive in Type I Interferon-rich environments via mechanisms that block the function of this important antiviral cytokine. Overall, a better understanding of these mechanisms creates avenues to better understand the innate immune response to these viruses as well as plan the development of antivirals that would allow the natural antiviral effect of Type I Interferons to manifest during these infections.
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Case Western Reserve Univ Hosp, Med Ctr, Dept Dermatol, Cleveland, OH 44106 USACase Western Reserve Univ Hosp, Med Ctr, Dept Dermatol, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA
Somani, A.
Karnik, P.
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Case Western Reserve Univ Hosp, Med Ctr, Dept Dermatol, Cleveland, OH 44106 USACase Western Reserve Univ Hosp, Med Ctr, Dept Dermatol, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA
Karnik, P.
McCormick, T. S.
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Case Western Reserve Univ Hosp, Med Ctr, Dept Dermatol, Cleveland, OH 44106 USACase Western Reserve Univ Hosp, Med Ctr, Dept Dermatol, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA
McCormick, T. S.
Cooper, K. D.
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Case Western Reserve Univ Hosp, Med Ctr, Dept Dermatol, Cleveland, OH 44106 USACase Western Reserve Univ Hosp, Med Ctr, Dept Dermatol, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA
机构:
Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Dermatol, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA
Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Pathol, San Francisco, CA 94140 USAUniv Texas Southwestern Med Ctr, Dept Dermatol, Dallas, TX USA
North, J. P.
Cockerell, C. J.
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Univ Texas Southwestern Med Ctr, Dept Dermatol, Dallas, TX USAUniv Texas Southwestern Med Ctr, Dept Dermatol, Dallas, TX USA
Cockerell, C. J.
Buck, C. B.
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NCI, Bethesda, MD 20892 USAUniv Texas Southwestern Med Ctr, Dept Dermatol, Dallas, TX USA
Buck, C. B.
Wang, R. C.
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Univ Texas Southwestern Med Ctr, Dept Dermatol, Dallas, TX USAUniv Texas Southwestern Med Ctr, Dept Dermatol, Dallas, TX USA
机构:
Mt Sinai Sch Med, Dept Microbiol, New York, NY 10029 USA
Mt Sinai Sch Med, Dept Med, Div Infect Dis, New York, NY 10029 USA
Mt Sinai Sch Med, Global Hlth & Emerging Pathogens Inst, New York, NY 10029 USAMt Sinai Sch Med, Dept Microbiol, New York, NY 10029 USA