The effects of secondary flow and passive injection on the motion of solid particles entrained in flow through a curved converging channel

The three-dimensional effects of secondary flow, passive injection, and particle size on the motion of solid particles entrained in a laminar, incompressible flow through a curved, converging, rectangular passage were numerically investigated. Emphasis was placed on observing the physical mechanisms that cause particles 5 mu m and smaller in diameter to deposit on passage surfaces and to concentrate near the endwalls and mid-span at the passage exit. Particle trajectories were calculated for 5, 30, and 300 mu m diameter solid particles. It was observed that the paths of 5 mu m particles were similar to the streamlines of the three-dimensional flow in the channel until the particles encountered the boundary layers on the blade surfaces and endwalls, where they would graze the surfaces (contributing to particle deposition) and concentrate at the exit of the channel. Particles of 30 mu m diameter, however, were only slightly affected by secondary flows, but were affected enough to be made to concentrate at the exit near the endwall and mid-span surfaces. Particles of 300 Ccm diameter were not affected by secondary flows at all. The particle trajectories showed that the passage secondary flow convected particles across endwalls toward the pressure and suction surface boundary layers of the blades. it was observed that small particles were made to decelerate and/or concentrate in the boundary layers near the passage exit. It was found that this concentration of particles along the suction surface and endwalls could be significantly reduced by means of passive injection: (Passive injection is a method of inducing the flow of jets in the curved portion of an airfoil shaped surface due to the pressure difference on opposing sides. This is accomplished by means of holes or slots that have been drilled through the surface at strategic locations.).