WAYS TO INCREASE ENERGY EFFICIENCY IN THE POWER SYSTEM USING THE EXAMPLE OF THE REPUBLIC OF TAJIKISTAN

The Republic of Tajikistan has big problems with its electrical power system. It has high losses, low overall efficiency and a low reliability. Total blackouts even occur, although the country has a great potential for hydropower. More than 87% of the power system comprises hydropower plants, but many of them are very old and work inefficiently. Furthermore, the water in the rivers of Tajikistan comes mainly from mountains and thus the quantity is seasonally dependent. In wintertime, these power plants suffer from water shortage, and in summertime, the power system suffers from overloaded transmission lines. Nevertheless, the power plants could produce more electrical power in summertime if there were more demand and more transmission capabilities. There would even exist the generation capacity for exporting power to neighbouring countries. This article reveals such deficits in the Tajik power system and describes possible solutions. First of all, the Republic of Tajikistan should focus on the modernization of existing power plants and voltage lines. The main challenges are to increase the energy production, transmission, distribution and use. Furthermore, the power grid needs a higher reliability. Single faults in the system should not result in blackouts. These important aspects of the energy system have gained special awareness in recent years. For the planning of much-needed new power plants and new or enhanced transmission lines, it is essential to optimize the locations where these enhancements are realized. For this purpose, simulations are necessary.