The epidemiology of exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is reviewed with particular reference to the definition, frequency, time course, natural history and seasonality, and their relationship with decline in lung function, disease severity and mortality. The importance of distinguishing between recurrent and relapsed exacerbations is discussed.
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Univ Nova Lisboa, Fac Ciencias Med, Hosp Santa Marta, Pneumol, P-1200 Lisbon, PortugalUniv Nova Lisboa, Fac Ciencias Med, Hosp Santa Marta, Pneumol, P-1200 Lisbon, Portugal
Coelho, Ricardo
Santos, Ana Sofia
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Univ Nova Lisboa, Fac Ciencias Med, Hosp Santa Marta, Pneumol, P-1200 Lisbon, PortugalUniv Nova Lisboa, Fac Ciencias Med, Hosp Santa Marta, Pneumol, P-1200 Lisbon, Portugal
Santos, Ana Sofia
Rosa, Raquel
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Univ Nova Lisboa, Fac Ciencias Med, Hosp Santa Marta, Pneumol, P-1200 Lisbon, PortugalUniv Nova Lisboa, Fac Ciencias Med, Hosp Santa Marta, Pneumol, P-1200 Lisbon, Portugal
Rosa, Raquel
Borba, Alexandra
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Univ Nova Lisboa, Fac Ciencias Med, Hosp Santa Marta, Pneumol, P-1200 Lisbon, PortugalUniv Nova Lisboa, Fac Ciencias Med, Hosp Santa Marta, Pneumol, P-1200 Lisbon, Portugal
Borba, Alexandra
Semedo, Luisa
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Univ Nova Lisboa, Fac Ciencias Med, Hosp Santa Marta, Pneumol, P-1200 Lisbon, PortugalUniv Nova Lisboa, Fac Ciencias Med, Hosp Santa Marta, Pneumol, P-1200 Lisbon, Portugal
Semedo, Luisa
Cardoso, Joao
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Univ Nova Lisboa, Fac Ciencias Med, Hosp Santa Marta, Pneumol, P-1200 Lisbon, PortugalUniv Nova Lisboa, Fac Ciencias Med, Hosp Santa Marta, Pneumol, P-1200 Lisbon, Portugal
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Univ Edinburgh, Royal Infirm Edinburgh, Colt Res Labs, ELEGI,Resp Med Unit, Edinburgh EH3 9YW, Midlothian, ScotlandUniv Edinburgh, Royal Infirm Edinburgh, Colt Res Labs, ELEGI,Resp Med Unit, Edinburgh EH3 9YW, Midlothian, Scotland