Nanoscale material design and processing by electron beam energy

Nanoscale material processing by electron beam energy is newly proposed and reviewed. Al nanoparticles without oxide layer were firstly obtained by electron irradiation in HRTEM from theta-Al2O3 through a debonding of Al-O and recombination of Al atoms. Other kinds of nanoparticles such as W, Nb are also formed by a similar procedure with higher electron densities. Electron irradiation at the intensity of 10(20)e/cm(2)-sec caused various motions of Al nanoparticles such as migration to gather, rotation and revolution around irradiation center, diameter decrease and bonding. Giant onion-like fullerene encapsulating Al nanodecahedron was obtained from amorphous carbon film in TEM, and Al atoms intercalated structure was finally formed. A similar fullerene structure was formed by the catalysis effects of Pt, Au, Nb and W nanoparticles. Main mechanisms were also discussed by the concepts of the momentum transfer and the catalysis effect. We can propose the new environment-conscious method to obtain and control oxide-free nanoparticles, nanosized metallofullerene and intercalation structure by electron beam irradiation.