Liquid crystal alignment in advanced flat-panel liquid crystal displays

The alignment of liquid crystal (LC) molecules at display boundaries is the major factor determining the electro-optical performance of liquid crystal display (LCD) devices. Most LC alignments are induced by interactions with the alignment material layer, whose surface is in physical contact with the LC molecules in LCD devices. Despite its importance, the mechanism governing the alignment of LC molecules on alignment layers is still not well understood. This review discusses the major factors controlling LC alignment and the polymer materials used.