Chemical Characterization of Automotive Polyurethane Foam Using Solid-Phase Microextraction and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry

Solid-phase microextraction (SPME) coupled with gas chromatographymass spectrometry (GC-MS) was used in this study to identify volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted from heated automotive polyurethane (PU) foam collected from 17 different automobiles located in Yuen Long, HK SAR. The samples (0.05 g each) underwent incubation inside 5-mL glass vials for 30 min, and the VOCs were then collected from the headspace with a polydimethylsiloxane fiber by insertion for 30 min. The VOCs were then qualitatively identified by GC-MS analysis and were mostly found to be saturated hydrocarbons. However, differences were noted from car to car in the retention time range of 1023 min. The VOCs collected during this segment of retention time from the PU foams ranged from antioxidants, food preservatives, pesticides, plasticizers, flame retardants to antiseptic agents. The results obtained from this study therefore highlight the usefulness of SPME/GC-MS as a form of chemical characterization in the analysis of PU foams in forensic casework.