Tuberculosis and Other Granulomatous Diseases of the Airway

Granulomatous diseases of the airway are challenging lesions to diagnose and effectively manage not only because they are uncommon but also because they can occur in different forms, each with unique clinical and radiologic characteristics. Most such lesions can be effectively managed conservatively with repeated airway dilatation, use of intraluminal stents, and specific antimicrobial treatment. The only exception is those lesions presenting with localized airway obstruction wherein surgical resection may be indicated and beneficial.