Super-sensitivity incoherent optical methods for full-field displacement measurements

The sensitivity of incoherent optical methods using video cameras (e.g., optical flow and digital image correlation) for full-field displacement measurements, defined by the minimum measurable displacements, is essentially limited by the finite bit depth of the digital camera due to the quantization with round-off error. Quantitatively, the theoretical sensitivity limit is determined by the bit depth B as delta p =1/(2(B)- 1) [pixel] which corresponds to a displacement causing an intensity change of one gray level. Fortunately, the random noise in the imaging system may be leveraged to perform a natural dithering to overcome the quantization, rendering the possibility of breaking the sensitivity limit. In this work we study such a theoretical sensitivity limit and present a spatiotemporal pixel-averaging method with dithering to achieve super-sensitivity. The numerical simulation results indicate that super-sensitivity can be achieved and is quantitatively determined by the total pixel number N for averaging and the noise level sigma(n) as delta p* proportional to (sigma(n)/root N)delta p. (C) 2022 Optica Publishing Group