Isolation, characterization, and fingerprinting of some multidrug resistance clinical isolates from patients in Al-Qaseem Hospitals, Saudi Arabia

The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of antibiotic resistance genes in bacteria isolated from Saudi Arabian patients in the Al-Qassim region. We also examine the application of Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA- Polymerase chain reaction (RAPD-PCR) in genetic diversity of the strains in use. In this study, we have used 29 different clinical samples from Al-Qassim hospitals which consists of wound swabs, blood, sputum and urine. Clinical samples were streaked onto sterile Petri dishes containing nutrient agar media using sterile dry swabs. Additionally antibiotic sensitivity tests, micro scan walkway susceptibility tests and extraction of genomic DNA, amplification of RAPD and Inter simple sequence repeat assay were performed in this study. This study results confirmed from the clinical samples were streaked onto sterile Petri dishes containing nutrient agar media using sterile dry swabs. The PCR analysis in ISSR was confirmed that 30-70% of E. coli in Asia and Africa carried ESBLs in the GLASS 2020 study, which is on par with the 59% in VINARES 2016-2017. Comparing VINARES 2016-2017 to other nations, the prevalence of ESBL carriage among K. pneumoniae was 35%. However, RAPD results showed that all employed strains and primers could successfully fingerprint DNA. Between isolated bacterial strains, similarity dendrograms were produced. The technique generated bands with the same intensity as the typical PCR carried out using pure DNA, and it worked for all 29 bacterial strains examined. In conclusion, the results show that all of the isolates have at least one antibiotic-resistance gene, and that the PCR approach is a quick, easy, and reliable way to identify genes.& COPY; 2023 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of King Saud University. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).