Synergistic effect of perovskites and nitrogen-doped carbon hybrid materials for improving oxygen reduction reaction

A fundamental understanding of the electrochemical behavior of hybrid perovskite and nitrogen-doped (N-doped) carbon is essential for the development of perovskite-based electrocatalysts in various sustainable energy device applications. In particular, the selection and modification of suitable carbon support are important for enhancing the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) of non-platinum group metal electrocatalysts in fuel cells. Herein, we address hybrid materials composed of three representative N-doped carbon supports (BP-2000, Vulcan XC-72 and P-CNF) with valid surface areas and different series of single, double and triple perovskites: Ba0.5Sr0.5Co0.8Fe0.2O3-delta, (Pr0.5Ba0.5)CoO3-delta, and Nd1.5Ba1.5CoFeMnO9-delta (NBCFM), respectively. The combination of NBCFM and N-doped BP-2000 produces a half-wave potential of 0.74 V and a current density of 5.42 mA cm(-2) at 0.5 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode, comparable to those of the commercial Pt/C electrocatalyst (0.76 V, 5.21 mA cm(-2)). Based on physicochemical and electrochemical analyses, we have confirmed a significant improvement in the catalytic performance of low-conductivity perovskite catalyst in the ORR when nitrogen-doped carbon with enhanced electrical conductivity is introduced. Furthermore, it has been observed that nitrogen dopants play active sites, contributing to additional performance enhancement when hybridized with perovskite.