A distance Protection/Fault location algorithm for Double-Circuit transmission lines with asymmetrical circuits during Cross-Country faults

The impedance-measuring elements and fault locators in distance relays suffer from measuring the correct fault impedance and fault location when facing cross-country faults (CCFs). During such atypical faults, this paper proposes a distance protection along with a fault location algorithm for double-circuit lines with asymmetrical circuits. This is fulfilled through instantaneous fault-branch currents innovatively derived from the line six-phase circuit model analysis on a time-domain basis. The currents derived lead to the relations that are mathematically linear combinations of designated vectors. This makes the possibility of establishing vector-input adaptive linear combiners (VI-ALC) in accordance with the relations derived. Being fed from the vectors of instantaneous measurements at the relaying side, the VI-ALCs with a distinctive capability of online training would swiftly give an accurate estimation of the fault distances during CCFs. The estimations are exploited in a logical procedure for both of the distance protection and fault location functions, taking account of different position status of the CCFs' comprising LG faults. The proposed algorithm is feasibly implementable and is independent of the system configuration. It operates robustly in high-ground resistance and noisy conditions. Through extensive simulation studies in PSCAD/EMTDC, performance of the proposed algorithm would be investigated and verified in a va-riety of fault scenarios.