Optimization of flame retardancy and mechanical properties of cotton fabrics with D-glucosamine hydrochloride and phosphorus-containing polyol coating

This study investigates the utilization of D-glucosamine hydrochloride (DGH) as a carbon donor in intumescent coating systems and as a nitrogen-based flame retardant, leveraging its ability to release ammonia under elevated temperatures to inhibit combustion. The use of phosphorus-containing polyol (PPO) complements the formulation by promoting the formation of char and further inhibiting combustion. The flame retardancy and thermal stability were assessed by using the Vertical Flame Test (ASTM D6413), Limiting Oxygen Index (LOI) Test and Cone Calorimeter Test. A substantial improvement in the treated fabric was reported when a ratio of 1:2 wt/wt. (DGH:PPO) was used in the coating formulation, reporting an LOI value of 30 % and a reduction in the peak heat release rate (p-HRR) of around 88 % compared to the control sample. Additionally, an improvement in the fabric flexibility was attained when concentrations between 5 wt% to 7.5 wt% of DGH were added.