Systematic literature review: Characteristics of confined space hazards in the construction sector

Background: Construction sector's employees are exposed to high risks when dealing with confined spaces at construction sites, as indicated by the high number of fatality cases. Confined spaces risk management is significantly impacted due to rapid technological advancements. To date, there are rudimentary studies with regards to confined spaces risk assessment in the construction sector. This paper proposes to conduct a comprehensive systematic literature review on the characteristics of confined space hazards in the construction sector. Method: The written text information is compiled from Scopus and Web of Science databases. The sys-tematic literature review method was based on the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta -analysis statements (PRISMA). This study attempts to highlight the hazard involved in the construction sec-tor's confined spaces. Results: This study thoroughly reviewed 25 articles from the Web of Science and Scopus databases. Conclusion: The findings demonstrated that interested parties must develop short-and long-term adaptation strategies to manage confined space activities in the construction sector. The strategies include prevention techniques for confined space activities to proactively avoid severe injuries and fatalities, broadening the mitigation activities scope beyond atmospheric risks. Other recommendation includes providing information on specific areas and research content as part of future studies focus. This review also shows that atmospheric hazards as well as physical hazards involved in confined spaces need further attention to drive fatality cases reduction further in confined spaces.