Ichthyofauna of the agua das Araras stream, Paranapanema River basin, upper Parana River system, Southern Brazil

This study comprises the first fish inventory of the agua das Araras stream, a small tributary of the Laranjinha River, in the upper Parana River basin. Four samplings were carried out seasonally between June 2010 and July 2011, in 12 collecting sites distributed from the headwater to the mouth of agua das Araras stream and its tributaries, using seines and gill nets to capture specimens. A total of 5,328 specimens were collected, distributed in six orders, 15 families, 33 genera, and 41 species. The most representative orders, in terms of species richness, were Siluriformes and Characiformes. Among the families, Characidae (eight species) and Loricariidae (seven species) presented higher richness contributing together with approximately 36.6% of all collected species. The most frequent species captured in >= 75% of the sampled sites were Astyanax lacustris, Characidium aff. zebra, Corydoras aeneus, and Imparfinis schubarti. The classification of species with the Kendeigh Index highlighted the following ranking of the more abundant species: Phalloceros harpagos, C. aeneus, A. lacustris, and I. schubarti. Finally, our results emphasize the importance of sampling small aquatic bodies, revealing their potential for maintaining a significant portion of fish diversity in Neotropical freshwater environments.