Flexible Broadband Solar Plasmonic Absorber Based on Graded Bandgap Multilayer for the Solar Cells Energy Harvesting with High Conversion Efficiency Sensitivity

Flexible broadband solar plasmonic absorber is studied based on graded bandgap multilayer for the solar cell energy harvesting with high conversion efficiency sensitivity. The suggested solar cell structure ranges from ultraviolet (UV)/visible to near-infrared regions in AM0 solar cell illumination spectrum. OPAL 2 solar cell simulation software is used for this study. The solar cell structure composed of silicon substrate, window layer with aluminum nitride (AlN), transparent oxide layer with aluminum-doped zinc oxide (ZnO:Al), absorber layer with zinc sulfide (ZnS), and the contact layer with the gallium phosphide (GaP). The suggested solar cell reflection/absorption/transmission is clarified with the clarified wavelength spectrum band. The solar cell reflected/absorbed photocurrent is clarified with different surface morphology types. As well as the solar cell internal quantum efficiency (IQE) is also simulated with different surface morphology types. The solar cell power conversion efficiency is clarified with different substrate layer structures, absorber layer structures, and the contact layer structures. The solar cell equivalent circuit model diagram is clarified. The proposed solar cell achieved a max-power voltage (Vmp) of 423.83 mV, a max-power current (Jmp) of 61.487 mA/cm2, an open-circuit voltage (Voc) of 584.35 mV, a short-circuit current (Jsc) of 66.44 mA/cm2, a fill factor (FF) of 67.12%, and a power conversion efficiency of 26.06%.