Linkage among Urbanization, energy Consumption, economic growth and carbon Emissions. Panel data analysis for China using ARDL model

Carbon emissions are well-established as a major contributor to global warming and other climate change effects. This work experimentally explores the influence of energy consumption, economic development, urbanization, and energy consumption on carbon emission utilizing panel cointegration tests and pooled mean group (PMG-ARDL) approaches, drawing on panel data of the Chinese country from 1995 to 2020. We add urbanization to the model to determine its significance in the interplay between GDP growth, energy consumption, and carbon emissions. The results show that urbanization has no appreciable impact on environmental quality either immediately or in the long term. Energy usage, on the other hand, was proven to considerably increase envi-ronmental harm both immediately and over time. Further research indicated that environmental distortion is a long-term effect of economic expansion for the countries studied. The key to achieving a green and clean environment is in the hands of government officials and politicians, who must pay close attention to improving appropriate energy, urban planning, and pollution reduction without slowing economic growth.