Seroprevalence and clinical characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 infection in children with cystic fibrosis

BackgroundPeople with cystic fibrosis (PwCF) have chronic lung disease and may be at increased risk of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-related morbidity and mortality. This study aimed to determine seroprevalence and clinical characteristics of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection in children with cystic fibrosis (CF), and to assess antibody responses following SARS-CoV-2 infection or vaccination. MethodsChildren and adolescents with CF followed at Seattle Children's Hospital were enrolled between July 20, 2020 and February 28, 2021. SARS-CoV-2 serostatus was determined on enrollment at 6 and 11 months (+/- 2 months) for nucleocapsid and spike IgG. Participants completed intake and weekly surveys inquiring about SARS-CoV-2 exposures, viral/respiratory illnesses, and symptoms. ResultsOf 125 PwCF enrolled, 14 (11%) had positive SARS-CoV-2 antibodies consistent with recent or past infection. Seropositive participants were more likely to identify as Hispanic (29% vs. 8%, p = 0.04) and have pulmonary exacerbations requiring oral antibiotics in the year prior (71% vs. 41%, p = 0.04). Five seropositive individuals (35.7%) were asymptomatic, while six (42.9%) reported mild symptoms, primarily cough and nasal congestion. Antispike protein IgG levels were approximately 10-fold higher in participants following vaccination compared with participants who had natural infection alone (p < 0.0001) and resembled levels previously reported in the general population. ConclusionsA majority of PwCF have mild or no symptoms of SARS-CoV-2 making it difficult to distinguish from baseline respiratory symptoms. Hispanic PwCF may be disproportionately impacted, consistent with racial and ethnic COVID-19 disparities among the general US population. Vaccination in PwCF generated antibody responses similar to those previously reported in the general population.