Universal Near-Infrared Fluorescent Nanoprobes for Detection and Real-Time Imaging of ATP in Real Food Samples, Living Cells, and Bacteria

Adenosinetriphosphate (ATP), an essential metabolite for activemicroorganisms to maintain life activities, has been widely regardedas a marker of cell activity and an indicator of microbial contamination.Herein, we designed two near-infrared (NIR) fluorescent nanoprobesnamed CYA@ZIF-90 and CYQ@ZIF-90 by encapsulating the NIR dye CYA/CYQin ZIF-90 for the rapid detection of ATP. Between them, nanoprobeCYA@ZIF-90 can achieve higher NIR emission (702 nm) and rapid detection(2 min). Based on the superior spatiotemporal resolution imaging ofATP fluctuations in living cells, the applicability of CYA@ZIF-90for imaging and detection of ATP in living bacteria was explored forthe first time. The nanoprobe indirectly realizes the quantitativedetection of bacteria, and the detection limit can be as low as 74CFU mL(-1). Therefore, the prepared nanoprobe is expectedto become a universal ATP sensing detection tool, which can be furtherapplied to evaluate cell apoptosis, cell proliferation, and food-harmfulmicrobial control.