Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced (DCE) MRI

Since its inception several decades ago, DCE-MRI is now a well-established imaging method fora va-riety of applications in both standard of care and research settings. Due to low tRes of acquired data and complexity of PK data modeling, qualita-tive or semi-quantitative analysis of DCE-MRI time-course data is the standard approach in current clinical practice. However, quantitative DCE-MRI is a more desirable imaging modality for precision medicine in the future. Quantitative parameters derived from PK data modeling are directly reflective of tissue biological and physio-logic characteristics and can be compared across studies conducted at different institutions and scanner platforms. Simultaneous high sRes and tRes DCE-MRI acquisitions are currently feasible using commercially available sequences, which afford both accurate morphology assessment and PK modeling of time-course data. Therefore, DCE-MRI with quantitative PK modeling may become an important tool in future clinical prac-tice. Investigators need to pay close attention to the technical aspects of DCE-MRI acquisition and analysis that can affect accuracy and preci-sion of the estimated PK parameters, such as tRes, SNR, AIF, and T1,0 quantifications as well as PK model and software selection. Finally, stan-dardization of DCE-MRI data acquisition and PK modeling protocols, as well as implementing QA/ QC procedures, is of paramount importance in reducing PK parameter variabilities, especially for multi-site studies.