Three-Dimensional Iterative Enhancement for Coverage Hole Recovery in Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks

被引:1
|
作者
Zhang, Lingli [1 ]
Luo, Chengming [2 ]
Ge, Xiyun [3 ]
Cao, Yuxin [4 ]
Zhang, Haobo [2 ]
Xin, Gaifang [5 ]
机构
[1] Jiangsu Univ Sci & Technol, Coll Automat, Zhenjiang 212100, Peoples R China
[2] Jiangsu Univ Sci & Technol, Ocean Coll, Zhenjiang 212100, Peoples R China
[3] China Ship Sci Res Ctr, Wuxi 214081, Peoples R China
[4] Tsinghua Univ, Tsinghua Shenzhen Int Grad Sch, Shenzhen 518000, Peoples R China
[5] Changzhou Coll Informat Technol, Dept Intelligent Equipment, Changzhou 213164, Peoples R China
基金
中国国家自然科学基金;
关键词
UWSNs; node three-dimensional deployment; iterative enhancement; coverage hole recovery; node action force; OPTIMIZATION ALGORITHM; NODE; DEPLOYMENT;
D O I
10.3390/jmse11122365
中图分类号
U6 [水路运输]; P75 [海洋工程];
学科分类号
0814 ; 081505 ; 0824 ; 082401 ;
摘要
The efficient coverage of underwater wireless sensor networks (UWSNs) has become increasingly important because of the scarcity of underwater node resources. Complex underwater environments, water flow forces, and undulating seabed reduce the coverage effect of underwater nodes, even leading to coverage holes in UWSNs. To solve the problems of uneven coverage distribution and coverage holes, a three-dimensional iterative enhancement algorithm is proposed for UWSN coverage hole recovery using intelligent search followed by virtual force. Benefiting from biological heuristic search algorithms, improved particle swarm optimization is applied for node pre-coverage. With the change in iteration times, the adaptive inertia weight, acceleration factor, and node position are constantly updated. To avoid excessive coverage holes caused by search falling into local optimum, underwater nodes are considered as particles in the potential field whose virtual forces are calculated to guide nodes towards higher coverage positions. In addition, based on the optimal node location obtained by the proposed algorithm, the monitoring area is divided based on the clustering idea. The underwater routing protocol DBR based on depth information is subsequently used to optimize node residual energy, and its average is calculated comprehensively and compared with the other three coverage algorithms using the DBR routing protocol. Based on the experimental data, after 100 iterations, the coverage rates for BES, 3D-IVFA, DABVF, and the proposed algorithm are 83.28%, 88.85%, 89.31%, and 91.36%, respectively. Moreover, the proposed algorithm is further verified from the aspects of different node numbers, coverage efficiency, node movement trajectory, coverage hole, and average residual energy of nodes, which provides conditions for resource development and scientific research in marine environments.
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页数:19
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