Fluoride risk assessment from agricultural soils in India: a study based on vertical, spatial and geochemical distribution

被引:0
|
作者
Jha, Sunil Kumar [1 ]
Sharma, Yogesh Kumar [2 ]
Nayak, Amaresh Kumar [3 ]
机构
[1] ICAR Cent Soil Salin Res Inst, Reg Res Stn,Near Kanshiram Smarak,PO Dilkusha,Jail, Lucknow 226002, Uttar Pradesh, India
[2] Lucknow Univ, Dept Bot, Environm Sci Div, Lucknow 226007, Uttar Pradesh, India
[3] ICAR Natl Rice Res Inst, Cuttack 753006, Orissa, India
关键词
Fluoride fractionation; Bioavailability; Risk assessment; Alkalinity; Contamination index; Geochemical process; HYDROGEOCHEMICAL PROCESSES; GROUNDWATER ENVIRONMENT; UNNAO DISTRICT; GRAZED-PASTURE; UTTAR-PRADESH; WATER; CONTAMINATION; IRRIGATION; EXPOSURE; RIVER;
D O I
10.1007/s10661-023-11092-1
中图分类号
X [环境科学、安全科学];
学科分类号
08 ; 0830 ;
摘要
Fluoride (F) in agricultural soil is increasing continuously due to injudicious application of F-laden fertilizers, causing global concern about fluorosis disease. The objective of the study was to assess F risk in humans due to soil ingestion, dermal contact, and particulate inhalation during various agricultural activities. The study also emphasized chemical fractionation, distribution, and geochemical understanding of high F incidence. Agricultural surface soil was sampled randomly from 5 km x 5 km square grids besides soil profile samples for studying the vertical distribution of F. Various F fractions in soil (1:1 soil:water ratio, calcium chloride extractable F, hot water soluble F, exchangeable F, Fe-Mn oxide bound F, organic matter bound F, residual F, and total F) were estimated using the sequential fractionation method. Multivariate geochemical analysis and soil F risk were also assessed in humans. The water soluble F (F-1:1) and CaCl2 extractable F (F-Ca) varied between 0.11 to 6.73 mg kg(-1) and 1.02 to 6.94 mg F kg(-1) soil, respectively. Total fluoride (TF) however, ranged between 115 to 456 mg F kg(-1). A higher average of F-Ca/TF moving down the soil profile indicated a propensity for F endemicity. Weathering, ion-exchange, alkalinity, and clay were found to control the soil geochemistry of the area. The F contamination index explained > 82% variance of F contamination, but the hazard quotient of F for an adult was found < 1, indicating no potential fluorosis risk in the area. This study is the first of its kind in India, where ecological risk due to F from agricultural soil was assessed in humans and will be a benchmark for future researchers.
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页数:16
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