Artificial intelligence in anatomical pathology: building a strong foundation for precision medicine

With the convergence of digital pathology (DP) and artificial intelligence (AI), anatomic pa-thology practice has been experiencing an exciting paradigm shifting. Pathologists will be provided with an augmented ability to improve diagnostic accuracy, efficiency, and consistency. There will be subvisual morphometric features discovered and multiomics data integrated to provide better prog-nostic and theragnostic information to guide individual patients' management. The perspective for future precision medicine is promising. However, there are many challenges before AI-assisted DP diagnostic workflows can be successfully implemented. Herein, we briefly review some examples of AI application in anatomic pathology with an emphasis on the subspecialty of gastrointestinal pathol-ogy and discuss potential challenges for clinical implementation.(c) 2022 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.