The study of long noncoding RNA SNHG5 and PANDAR genes expression in newly diagnosed egyptian adult acute myeloid leukemia patients

BACKGROUND: Due to their impact on crucial steps in hematopoiesis, long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) deregulation potentially accelerates the growth and development of blood cancers like acute myeloid leukemia (AML). The study aimed to look into different expression patterns, prognostic value, and clinical importance of lncRNA small nucleolar RNA host gene 5 (SNHG5) and promoter of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1A antisense DNA damage-activated RNA (PANDAR) genes in Egyptian adult patients with AML. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: The case-control study was conducted between 2019 and 2022 at the Clinical Pathology Department at the National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Egypt. The study involved 80 recently diagnosed patients with AML and 20 healthy controls. Real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction was used to assess the levels of expression of SNHG5 and PANDAR genes. RESULTS: In comparison to healthy controls, there was a significantly higher SNHG5 gene expression (P = 0.026) and PANDAR expression (P < 0.001) in patients' bone marrow samples. The study of the correlations revealed a significant positive association between SNHG5 and PANDAR genes in AML patients. The overall survival (OS) was significantly better in the low SNHG5 gene expression group than in the high SNHG5 gene expression group. No significant difference was detected regarding the disease-free survival (DFS) between patients with low expression and high expression of the SNHG5 gene. No significant variation between high PANDAR gene and low PANDAR gene expression regarding OS and DFS. CONCLUSION: SNHG5 and PANDAR may have a pathogenic role in AML, and their overexpression might be considered a marker for diagnosis in AML patients in Egypt. SNHG5 expression can be used as a predictor for OS, while PANDAR expression cannot be used as a predictor for OS or DFS in patients.