Waterborne Bacteria Detecting Highly Sensitive Graphene Metasurface Based Cost-Efficient and Efficient Refractive Index Sensors

This paper present graphene based metasurface circular resonator (MSCR) inspired optical sensors for detecting waterborne bacteria such as E. coli, Vibrio Cholera, and Shigella flexneri. The optimal design is achieved through simulating all possible combination of proposed structure and analysis based on evaluation metrices. In this study, we have investigated four different sensors and among these sensors other variations are also examined by varying the graphene chemical potential to finalize the structure. The sensor design also takes into account cost-effectiveness, ease of use, and scalability to ensure the widespread adoption of the technology. The proposed designs consist of one central circle surrounded by multiple circles that increase in number with each design. These designs provide a larger surface area for bacterial adhesion, leading to increased detection sensitivity. The MSCR designs can be easily fabricated using standard techniques and can be modified to detect other types of bacteria or contaminants by changing the surface chemistry.