Biopolymers-based skin-interfaced triboelectric sensors

Rapid advances in artificial intelligence, robotics, and remote healthcare have increased the demand for sustainable and high-performance wearable sensors. Triboelectric devices are gaining traction due to their self-powered operation capability and potential as wearable energy harvesters. Skin-interfaced triboelectric sensors (SITSs) can detect various mechanical signals and monitor physiological signals in real-time. Biopolymer-based SITSs are ideal for skin-interfaced applications since they are biocompatible and biodegradable. This review focuses on the recent advancements of SITS made from biocompatible polymer materials, such as plant-based, animal-based, and synthetic polymers, and highlights their potential for various applications, including human-machine interface (HMI) and physiological sensing. In addition, the fundamentals, challenges, and prospects of SITS based on biocompatible polymers are discussed.