A 3D bioprinted hydrogel multilevel arc vascular channel combined with an isomaltol core sacrificial process

This study presents a novel approach for the rapid and efficient fabrication of arc vascular channels. A hydrogel matrix preparation and a vascular core 3D printing method are proposed for the construction of multilevel vascular channels. In this method, an SA (sodium alginate)-PAM (acrylamide) hydrogel was used as the matrix for vascular core embedding, and a "sugar" (isomaltol) was used as the vascular core sacrificial material in combination with hemispherical mold deformation. After the vascular core was embedded, solidified, and dissolved in the hydrogel at 70 degrees C, a 3D multilevel hydrogel vascular channel was obtained. The test results of the HUVEC culture showed that the cells were triangular or spindle-shaped and were evenly attached to the inner wall of the channels. The prepared vascular channels can be used as research models for vascular diseases, drug delivery, targeted therapy, and microenvironment simulation.