A quaternized chitosan and carboxylated cellulose nanofiber-based sponge with a microchannel structure for rapid hemostasis and wound healing

A hemostatic sponge should perform rapid hemostasis and exhibit antibacterial properties, whilst being non-toxic, breathable, and degradable. This study prepared a hemostatic sponge (CQTC) with microchannels, spe-cifically a microchannel structure based on quaternized chitosan (QCS) and carboxylated cellulose nanofibers (CCNF) obtained by using tannic acid and Cu2+ complex (crosslinking agent). The sponge had low density and high porosity, while being degradable. The combination of microchannels and three-dimensional porous struc-ture of CQTC leads to excellent liquid absorption and hemostasis ability, based on a liquid absorption rate test and in vitro hemostasis experiment. In addition, CQTC exhibited excellent antibacterial activity against both gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria, and it promoted wound healing. In conclusion, this porous and microchannel hemostatic sponge has broad application prospects as a clinical wound hemostatic material.