A review on regeneration of biowaste into bio-products and bioenergy: Life cycle assessment and circular economy

Waste generation has become common in all sectors involving ecological pollution and requires immediate so-lution. Current approach towards waste has been changed as technology has improved in converting waste into valuable resources. Due to its beneficial conversion into various bioproducts and energy, biomass availability has a significant impact on the circular economy. Nutrient and product recovery from biowaste needs more energy -intensive stages for efficient valorization. The ability of developed approaches to transform complex, natural biomass into value added products and energy form with circular bioeconomy has been elaborated in this review. The utilization of biomass or feedstock in industries for obtaining products such as biofuels, bio-oil, fertilizers and other energy forms has been demonstrated. The product recovery methods utilized for conversion of various biomasses is explained in detail. Anaerobic digestion, hydrothermal, and thermochemical processes have been emphasized on this review for the bioproduct recovery from biowaste. Lifecycle analysis of different biowaste conversion process revealed the better social and environmental sustainability of the process. This article also expands with biowaste circular economy for producing bioproducts and bioenergy as well as resolving bio-refinery protocols that can be utilized in industrial levels for maintaining appropriate financial portrait for biofuels and other bioenergy products.